Women in physics

Women in physics ... a few but influential models

    Since the beginning of the era of modernity in the Western world, women have been freed from restrictions that have been hindered for decades and the contributions of women in making this modernity are unmistakable. Contributions to industry, economics, science, the media, and all walks of life ... But when we talk about physics, especially theoretical physics, we find that the rate of women's participation in research of this science is very small, it may not exceed 5 or 10 percent at the most.

    I remember that when I participated in the 2016 Physics Olympiad as a leader of the Egyptian team participating from among about 110 countries in the world, I noticed that the rate of female participation in this huge scientific forum does not exceed 5%, in addition to that the participation of women in research physics conferences does not exceed those The small percentage, and I've been witness to that at the many international conferences that I've participated in.

    The matter here needs to be studied and understood, to determine the reasons behind the reluctance of women to study physics. In fact, despite the small proportions of women's participation in the science of physics, humanity has witnessed several examples of women who worked in this field, and they had significant contributions that had a great impact on the progress of physics.

The most beautiful minds in the world of physics:

    Amy Neuser, one of these beautiful minds, is basically a mathematician, but she has a huge contribution to modern physics,It is the first to explain the existence of laws to preserve energy, movement, or other physical quantities. Physicists before Amy Noisier believed that the energy conservation law was inevitable without understanding why. Then Noisier came to unveil one of the most profound concepts in physics, which is that symmetry is the cause of conservation law.

    And the symmetry here if it is temporal it leads to energy conservation, and if it is spatial it leads to the conservation of the amount of movement, and if it is orbital it leads to the conservation of the amount of angular motion ...This profound principle established by the brilliant scientist Amy Noisier was the basis for the scientists <Abdelsalam, Weinberg and Glashuh> to build the standard model for the unification of natural forces, which was the reason they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979. As a result of her deep contributions to physics with completely consistent mathematical theories, Einstein described her as the most ingenious and creative mathematician he had known since the beginning of females' entry to pursue their education at the university level.

    Amy Neuser was not the only woman to have engraved her name in the physics world with letters of light! Next to Amy's name, we find an equally important name, “Lisa Randall,” Harvard Professor.

    Lisa Randall, also, is the first woman in the history of Harvard University to obtain the degree of permanent professor in the Department of Physics, and that was in 2001, since the date of the university's establishment in 1636. This was the result of her formulating a physical model that provides an original solution to the problem of graduation in Physics ... This problem is known to have a very large difference in intensity between gravitational forces, electromagnetic forces, weak nuclear forces, and strong nuclear forces.

    And for those who do not know, this problem remained a "dilemma" for scientists, and none of them was able to find a unifying framework for natural forces by unifying their intensity, since the intensity of gravity is considered quite weak in relation to other natural forces ... Then the scientist Lisa Randall came and managed in cooperation with the world Raman Sendrum, From the formulation of a physical model that suggests the presence of more than four known dimensions (length, width, height, and time), as we were able to explain that these additional dimensions are only felt by the force of gravity, because they are a force related to the formation of time and space as Einstein suggested in its general relativity, so with the presence of additional dimensions Gravity is the force that can seep into these additional dimensions, meaning that gravitational forces are present in more than four dimensions, While other natural forces exist in only four dimensions, and this explains to us why the force of gravity is weak relative to other natural forces, and thus explains the problem of the great disparity between the intensity of different natural forces.

    But that calls here the question: Where are these additional dimensions? Lisa Randall and Raman Sundrum have answered this question that the extra dimensions are denting on herself at short distances, which means that we need a very high energy to be felt and measure its effect, For example: If you see a tube from far away, you see it as one line with one dimension, while an ant walking on the same tube is seen with its entire dimensions ... until you can see the tube you must come close or reduce the distance between you and it, and this is known in physics "By increasing energy." This original exquisite idea and other important research has made Lisa Randall one of the most important physicists in the past two decades.

    Through these two models, it becomes clear that if a woman contributes to science, her contributions are also beautiful, creative and charming. How I wish the Arab researchers read more about the contributions of women in physics, so one or more of them may be able to reach the position of Amy Noiser or Lisa Randall.